JRHE requires a Turnitin similarity report to be uploaded with the submission. The overall similarity must be < 20% (after excluding references, properly quoted/blocked text, and boilerplate methods). Submissions at or above this threshold will be returned for revision or rejected. The editorial office may re-run Turnitin and will judge overlap qualitatively (problematic copying may be acted on even below 20%). Preprints and theses are allowed with explicit citation. JRHE prohibits plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and undisclosed reuse or AI-generated content. AI tools are not authors; any AI assistance must be disclosed and must not fabricate or alter data, images, or citations.